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Pike Module Reference:

module version 5, prepared

  MODULE module
Modules
Complex
Derivatives
Fourier
Fractal
Functions
Integration
LinearAlgebra
ODE
Roots

  MODULE module.Complex
Classes
Complex

Methods
Exp()

Variable i

object(Complex) module.Complex.i

Description

The imaginary unit.


Method Exp

object(Complex) module.Complex.Exp(object(Complex) a)

Description

Exponential of a Complex number.

  CLASS module.Complex.Complex
Methods
`-()
cast()
conjugate()
create()
imPart()
module()
realPart()
Description

A complex number x = a + ib


Method create

void module.Complex.Complex()->create(float|int real, float|int imaginari)

Description

We can create a complex given Its real and imaginary part, or only with one argument: an array.


Method realPart

float|int module.Complex.Complex()->realPart()

Description

Returns the real part of the complex number.


Method imPart

float|int module.Complex.Complex()->imPart()

Description

Returns the imaginary part of the complex number.


Method `-

object(Complex) module.Complex.Complex()->`-(object(Complex) a)

Description

a - b


Method cast

string module.Complex.Complex()->cast(string what)

Description

We can cast a Complex number to a string in a form Real + i * Imaginary


Method module

float module.Complex.Complex()->module()

Description

Returns the module of a complex number.


Method conjugate

object(Complex) module.Complex.Complex()->conjugate()

Description

Given a + ib, returns a -ib

  MODULE module.Derivatives
Methods
derive()
derive2()

Method derive

function module.Derivatives.derive(function f, float h)

Description

This function returns the derivative of f calculated simply applying the definition, with step h


Method derive2

function module.Derivatives.derive2(function f, float h)

Description

This function returns the derivative of f calculated by a better algorhytm.

  MODULE module.Fourier
Methods
DiscreteFourierTransformation()
InverseDiscreteFourierTransformation()
PowerSpectrum()

Import


Import


Method DiscreteFourierTransformation

array module.Fourier.DiscreteFourierTransformation(array data, int max)

Description

Does the discrete fourier transformation of some data.


Method InverseDiscreteFourierTransformation

array module.Fourier.InverseDiscreteFourierTransformation(array data, int max)

Description

Does the inverse discrete fourier transformation of data.


Method PowerSpectrum

array module.Fourier.PowerSpectrum(array data, int max)

Description

Power spectrum of data. This first does a discreteFourierTransformation of data, them computes the powerSpectrum.

  MODULE module.Fractal
Methods
BurlagaKlein()
GenerateHiguchiData()
GenerateLinearData()
GenerateLogisticData()
GeneratePowerSpectrumExponentData()
GenerateSinusoidalData()
GenerateWeierstrassData()
Higuchi()
PowerSpectrumExponent()
SimpleFractalDimension()

Import


Import


Import


Import


Import


Method Higuchi

array module.Fractal.Higuchi(array serie, int kmin, int kmax, float error_percent, void|function stepper)

Description

This function computes the Higuchi fractal dimension of a time serie.

Parameter serie

The time serie we want to analize.

Parameter kmin

Minimum value of the paramether we have to use to compute the fractal dimension

Parameter kmax

Maximum value of the paramether we have to use to compute the fractal dimension

Parameter error_percent

Percentual error of each point in serie

Parameter stepper

A function which, given a value of k, returns the next value of k to use.


Method GenerateLinearData

array module.Fractal.GenerateLinearData(float a, float b, int n)

Description

Generates n points following a linear distribucion y = a x + b ;


Method GenerateSinusoidalData

array module.Fractal.GenerateSinusoidalData(int n)

Description

Generates n points following a sinusoidal function. Only one period.


Method GenerateLogisticData

array module.Fractal.GenerateLogisticData(float r, float x0, int n, int transitori)

Description

Generates n points from the logistic map x -> r x (1-x)


Method GenerateHiguchiData

array module.Fractal.GenerateHiguchiData(int n)

Description

Generates n points from a random walk (also called Fractional Brownian Function ), with fractal dimension 1.5 .


Method BurlagaKlein

array module.Fractal.BurlagaKlein(array serie, int kmin, int kmax, float error_percent, void|function stepper)

Description

This function computes the Burlaga and Klein's fractal dimension of a time serie.

Parameter serie

The time serie we want to analize.

Parameter kmin

Minimum value of the paramether we have to use to compute the fractal dimension

Parameter kmax

Maximum value of the paramether we have to use to compute the fractal dimension

Parameter error_percent

Percentual error of each point in serie

Parameter stepper

A function which, given a value of k, returns the next value of k to use.


Method SimpleFractalDimension

array module.Fractal.SimpleFractalDimension(array serie, int kmin, int kmax, float error_percent, void|function stepper)

Description

This function computes the fractal dimension of a time serie simply using as the curve length abs( y1 - y2 ). Very primitive method, It's here only to compare with BK and Higuchi methods.

Parameter serie

The time serie we want to analize.

Parameter kmin

Minimum value of the paramether we have to use to compute the fractal dimension

Parameter kmax

Maximum value of the paramether we have to use to compute the fractal dimension

Parameter error_percent

Percentual error of each point in serie

Parameter stepper

A function which, given a value of k, returns the next value of k to use.


Method GenerateWeierstrassData

array module.Fractal.GenerateWeierstrassData(int n, float xmin, float xmax, float lamda, float s)

Description

Generates n points from the Weierstrass function. s is the fractal dimension of the graph. lamda must be greather than 1.


Method GeneratePowerSpectrumExponentData

array module.Fractal.GeneratePowerSpectrumExponentData(int n, float exponent, float angle_max)

Description

Generates points following an exponential power expectrum law, where P(k) ~ k^(-exponent). The angle is picked from a Uniform distribution between 0 and angle_max (in degree).


Method PowerSpectrumExponent

array module.Fractal.PowerSpectrumExponent(array serie, int kmax, float error_p)

Description

Tries to do a log-log adjust to get the exponent from a power spectrum which follows an exponential law.

  MODULE module.Functions
Methods
Weierstrass()

Method Weierstrass

function module.Functions.Weierstrass(float lamda, float s, void|int iterations)

Description

The Weierstrass function. s is the fractal dimension, lamda must be greather than one.

  MODULE module.Integration
Methods
SimpleMontecarlo()

Import


Method SimpleMontecarlo

array module.Integration.SimpleMontecarlo(function f, array interval, int points)

Description

Uses a simple Montecarlo algorithm to integrate f in the interval .

Parameter f

The function to integrate

Parameter interval

The interval ({ a, b }) where we wish to do the integral.

Parameter points

The number of points that the montecarlo algorithm has to use.

  MODULE module.LinearAlgebra
Classes
NMatrix

Methods
ColumnFromArray()

Method ColumnFromArray

object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.ColumnFromArray(array a)

Description

Returns a column Matrix from an array

  CLASS module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix
Methods
LU()
`*()
`+()
`-()
backSubstitution()
columns()
create()
determinant()
dims()
get()
getColumn()
inverse()
mult()
productByScalar()
rows()
show()
solveLinearEquations()
sub()
sum()
swapRows()
transpose()
Description

A NMatrix object is a matrix.


Inherit Matrix

  • Math.Matrix

  • Method create

    void module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->create(int|array fst, void|int snd)

    Description

    You can create a NMatrix object giving an array or two ints: the number of rows and columns.


    Method get

    float module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->get(int i, int j)

    Description

    Using get you obtain the element at row i, column j of the NMatrix.


    Method dims

    array(int) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->dims()

    Description

    Returns an array ({ rows, columns })


    Method rows

    int module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->rows()

    Description

    Number of rows of a NMatrix


    Method columns

    int module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->columns()

    Description

    Number of columns of a NMatrix


    Method show

    void module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->show()

    Description

    Shows a NMatrix on the screen.


    Method productByScalar

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->productByScalar(int|float n)

    Description

    Multiplies a NMatrix by a scalar, multiplying all its elements by that scalar.


    Method swapRows

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->swapRows(int i, int j)

    Description

    Returns a new NMatrix, with rows i and j swapped.


    Method mult

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->mult(object(NMatrix) b)

    Description

    Multiplies two matrices.


    Method `*

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->`*(object(NMatrix) a)

    Description

    a * b


    Method sub

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->sub(object(NMatrix) b)

    Description

    a - b


    Method sum

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->sum(object(NMatrix) b)

    Description

    a + b


    Method `+

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->`+(object(NMatrix) b)

    Description

    a + b


    Method `-

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->`-(object(NMatrix) b)

    Description

    a - b


    Method transpose

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->transpose()

    Description

    Returns a new matrix, transposed of the original matrix.


    Method getColumn

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->getColumn(int i)

    Description

    Returns a NMatrix object, with the same content of the i column of the original matrix.


    Method LU

    array module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->LU()

    Description

    This does the LU decomposition of the matrix. Returns an array ({ L , U , permutation_matrix , signum })


    Method backSubstitution

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->backSubstitution(object(NMatrix) L, object(NMatrix) U, object(NMatrix) P, object(NMatrix) w)

    Description

    Given the LU decomposition of a NMatrix, solves the linear equations system AX = w


    Method solveLinearEquations

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->solveLinearEquations(object(NMatrix) w)

    Description

    Solves the linear equations system AX = w


    Method inverse

    object(NMatrix) module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->inverse()

    Description

    Returns the inverse of the matrix.


    Method determinant

    float module.LinearAlgebra.NMatrix()->determinant()

    Description

    Returns the determinant of a matrix.

      MODULE module.ODE
    Methods
    RungeKutta()

    Method RungeKutta

    array module.ODE.RungeKutta(float x0, float xmax, float y0, float h, function f)

    Description

    The Runge-Kutta method. Given the point (x0 , y0) / y0 = f(x0) and the step h, solves the differential equation dy / dt = f(x,y) ;

    Parameter x0

    The point where the integration begins

    Parameter xmax

    The point to finish the integration

    Parameter y0

    The initial condition to y.

    Parameter f

    The function which gives df/dt = f(x, y) ;

      MODULE module.Roots
    Methods
    Bisection()
    NewtonRaphson()
    RegulaFalsi()
    Steffensen()

    Method Bisection

    float module.Roots.Bisection(function f, array range, float error_p, int iterations)

    Description

    This function tries to find a root of f , given the interval (a,b) where you think that It's fitted.

    Parameter f

    The function that we are tryint to find a root.

    Parameter range

    The interval ({ a, b }) where we think that the root is fitted.

    Parameter error_p

    The relative error that It's allowed to the solution.

    Parameter iterations

    The maxim number of iterations that the method can do trying to find the root.


    Method NewtonRaphson

    float module.Roots.NewtonRaphson(function f, function df, float point, float error_abs, int iterations)

    Description

    This function tries to find a root of f using the Newton-Raphson method.

    Parameter f

    The function

    Parameter df

    The derivative of f

    Parameter point

    A point to start the method from x = point

    Parameter error_abs

    The absolute error that we tolerate to the solution

    Parameter iterations

    The maximum number of iterations that we can do trying to find the root.


    Method Steffensen

    float module.Roots.Steffensen(function f, float point, float error_abs, int iterations)

    Description

    This function tries to find a root of f using the Newton-Raphson method.

    Parameter f

    The function

    Parameter point

    A point to start the method from x = point

    Parameter error_abs

    The absolute error that we tolerate to the solution


    Method RegulaFalsi

    float module.Roots.RegulaFalsi(function f, array range, float error_p, int iterations)

    Description

    This function tries to find a root of f , given the interval (a,b) where you think that It's fitted. It uses the Regula-Falsi method. The paramethers have the same meaning than in Bisection.

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